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Country Profile

Bulgaria

4.5 out of 10

Right to decide and right to vote

Legal capacity can be fully removed and people with intellectual disabilities can be denied the right to vote and stand for elections. Voting is not made accessible.

1.1

Right to live independently and to be included in the community

Many adults with intellectual disabilities live in large institutions. Some live in smaller institutions.

5.2

Housing and support

Almost all adults with intellectual disabilities live with their family. Very few live in their own place. Families receive little support. After parents can no longer provide support, other family members provide support for the person with an intellectual disability. There is a mechanism to assess quality of services.

4.1

Education

Almost all children with intellectual disabilities go to special schools. Very few go to mainstream schools. There is a national strategy towards inclusive education.

5.6

Employment

Very few people with intellectual disabilities have a job on the open labour market. Most attend daycare or stay at home. People do not risk losing their disability benefits when they earn their own salary.

2.8

Healthcare

People with intellectual disabilities have access to healthcare, but there is no easy-to-read information about healthcare. Sex education is poor, and there is limited freedom of choice in reproductive health. People cannot be forcibly sterilised.

5.8

Representation

People with intellectual disabilities are represented within the national cross-disability organisation, but there is no person with an intellectual disability on the board/council. BAPID receives government funding for advocacy work.

6.8

How does Bulgaria compare to the European average?

Bulgaria European average

Right to decide and right to vote
1.1
Right to live independently and to be included in the community
5.2
Housing and support
4.1
Education
5.6
Employment
2.8
Healthcare
5.8
Representation
6.8

Although ‘deinstitutionalised’ people with disabilities are moved out of big institutions, they are still forced to cohabit with other residents and have no choice about where or with whom to live. Their ‘home’ is organised and managed by hired personnel using detailed internal regulations, and their life is guided by strict daily routines.

Despite the fact that most of the institutions for people with disabilities have received funding from the European Union for creating small group homes, reconstructing and refurbishing old institutions, etc., European Union money has been used for disability-based discrimination and segregation.

Reported numbers of people with intellectual disabilities in
Mainstream education 25,000
Special education *
No education *
Larger institutions 4,500
Smaller institutions 4,500
Small care homes 4,500
Psychiatric hospitals 4,500

These are the reported or estimated numbers of the country. In most cases, in reality, the numbers will be higher as the data is underreported or missing entirely.